![]() What are the out-of-possession responsibilities of a team that uses positional play? Off the ball, players must take up positions that provoke the opposition into movements that open up passing lanes for the ball-carrier. They must also be aware of where they should be and where their teammates are, so they can adjust their position constantly. Players must use the whole width of the pitch when their team is in possession, to create as much space as possible in the centre of the pitch. Then, by drawing an opponent towards the ball, a player will free up a teammate elsewhere to receive the next pass. Positional play works to enable teams to progress the ball forwards through the creation of triangles or diamonds that give the ball-carrier space and several passing options at any given time. Any player in a team using positional play must always strive to achieve one of these three types of superiority. Positional superiority involves getting players into positions between or behind the opposition lines, where they are more likely to have time and space on the ball and are thus more likely to affect the game. Qualitative superiority is when a player who is superior to their direct opponent isolates them in a one-on-one situation. Numerical superiority is an overload in any area of the pitch. The aim of any team using positional play is to forge at least one of three types of superiority: numerical, qualitative and positional. What are the in-possession responsibilities of a team that uses positional play? The Manchester City manager has enjoyed vast success using it. But it was Guardiola, a student of Cruyff, who transferred positional play to the top of the modern game. Through these two coaches, the Dutch idea of Total Football was brought to life. It was through Rinus Michels’ ideology at Ajax that the principles of positional play first appeared, and Johan Cruyff developed those ideas at Barcelona. The precise tactical requirements will vary depending on the area of the pitch and exact intentions of the coach. The intention remains the same throughout – to create space and several passing options for the ball-carrier. Positional play applies to any part of the pitch, from goal-kick restarts and midfield play to the attacking half and the final third. This creates constant rotations that aim to disrupt the opposition. Players need to be ready to move based on the movement of a teammate. There should never be more than three teammates on any horizontal plane, and never more than two on any vertical plane, in order to create passing options for the player in possession. The model uses vertical and horizontal lines on the pitch, with each player assigned to a zone. In one particular use of positional play – that promoted by Pep Guardiola – the pitch is split into zones (below). ![]() ![]() All players in the team must follow strict rules about the positions they take up in relation to the their teammates, the opposition and the ball. When a team uses positional play, the players take up positions to attempt to create numerical advantages in passing triangles or diamonds, in the hope of progressing possession through the thirds. Positional play, also known as juego de posición, is a principle of play in football that many of the world’s top coaches adopt.
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